Extragalactic astronomy
### Teaching language
English
_Obs.: As aulas serão em português caso todos dominem esta língua._
### Objectives
The aim of this course is that students acquire a thorough knowledge about different types of galaxies, their composition and the physical mechanisms responsible for the variety of observed properties and their evolution in different environments. Alongside the theoretical approach, existing observational evidence will be presented, and the major ongoing and future projects with scientific impact in this area will be mentioned.
### Learning outcomes and competences
It is intended that students acquire a thorough knowledge about different types of galaxies, their composition and the physical mechanisms responsible for the variety of observed properties and their evolution in different environments. Alongside the theoretical approach, it is expected that students develop skills of reasoning and understanding, critical analysis and exposition of different results available in the literature and, if possible, experience a brief approach to research in this topic.
### Working method
Presencial
### Program
I. The Milky Way - structure, dimensions, main constituents (stars, interstellar medium, dark matter).
II. Galaxy classification schemes and main properties of the different galaxy types.
III. Disks and spheroids - dynamics, total mass estimates, scaling relations and statistical properties. Star formation in disks.
IV. Spectral synthesis: main types, ingredients and equations.
V. Groups and clusters of galaxies: dimensions, constituents and main properties.
VI. Physical mechanisms responsible for galactic evolution in groups and clusters: dynamical friction, ram-pressure stripping, tidal stripping, mergers.
VII. Active galaxy nuclei - emission; different types of AGN and the unification scheme. Estimates of the mass of the central supermassive black hole.
VIII. High redshift galaxies and evolutionary studies: techniques and types of distant galaxies; K and E corrections; observational biases; evolution in color, morphology, star formation rate and stellar mass function.
### Mandatory literature
Peter Schneider; Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology, Springer. ISBN: 978-3-642-54082-0/978-3-642-54083-7 (eBook)
Mo Houjun; [Galaxy formation and evolution](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000295217 "Galaxy formation and evolution (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 9780521857932
### Complementary Bibliography
Carroll Bradley W.; [An introduction to modern astrophysics](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000228181 "An introduction to modern astrophysics (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-201-54730-9
B.W. Carrol, D.A. Ostlie; An Introduction to Modern Galactic Astrophysics and Cosmology, Addison-Wesley, 2007
Sparke Linda S.; [Galaxies in the universe](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000260230 "Galaxies in the universe (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-521-59740-4
Peterson Bradley M.; [An introduction to active galactic nuclei](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000228123 "An introduction to active galactic nuclei (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-521-47911-8 (pbk)
A.K. Kembhavi, J.V. Narlikar; Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei, Cambridge University Press, 1999
Krolik Julian H.; [Active galactic nuclei](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000259815 "Active galactic nuclei (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-691-01151-6
### Comments from the literature
Throughout the semester, references for scientific papers dealing with the subjects taught will be provided.
### Teaching methods and learning activities
Classes involve the exposure by the lecturer of the contents of the program - including the discussion of scientific results based on relevant and/or recent papers -, with the help of multimedia materials, followed by examples of application and problem solving when appropriate.
### Software
O trabalho prático requer conhecimentos básicos de python.
### keywords
Physical sciences > Astronomy > Astrophysics
### Evaluation Type
Distributed evaluation with final exam
### Assessment Components
Exam: 50,00%
Oral exam: 5,00%
Practical assignment or project: 40,00%
written assignment: 5,00%
**Total:**: 100,00%
### Amount of time allocated to each course unit
Autonomous study: 120,00 hours
Frequency of lectures: 42,00 hours
**Total:**: 162,00 hours
### Eligibility for exams
The exam is compulsory and has a minimum grade - see **Formula of final grade.
**
### Calculation formula of final grade
The assessment in this curricular unit consists of:
\- a final exam - which is compulsory - that contributes with a weight of 50% to the final classification;
\- exercises to be solved at home and presented by the students in class orally, and delivered afterwards in writing, which contribute with 10% for the final classification;
\- a practical assignment that contributes with 40% to the final grade.
The formula to compute the final classification is as follows: Nf=Ex+Q+TP where Nf is the final grade, Ex is the exam grade (rated 0-10, and required to be no less than 4/10), Q are the exercises (oral presentation + written work, rated 0 to 2) and TP is the assignment (rated 0 to 8).
### Classification improvement
The improvement of the classification can be made on the written exam component only, that will still weigh 50% of the final mark.
More information at: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=498807
Presential
TRUE
Extragalactic astronomy
Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or HaDEA. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The statements made herein do not necessarily have the consent or agreement of the ASTRAIOS Consortium. These represent the opinion and findings of the author(s).
